|
|
Two Approaches to the Relation Between Science, Art and Human Nature. Aristotle and Jean - Jacques Rousseau.
Krutská, Ivana ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
1 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with philosophical thoughts of Aristotle and Jean-Jacques Rousseau and their views about science and art. It attempts to answer the question whether, from their perspectives, science and art proceed from human nature or not. Their opinions are very different. According to Aristotle science is a part of human nature because it comes out of natural human desire to understand. In the same way he considered art as integral to humans because it is derived from natural human ability to imitate. But according to Jean- Jacques Rousseau science and art make human nature worse. He claimed that we can't learn about human nature by observing people around us, but only after we understand how humans lived before they were changed by progress. He didn't include science and art in his description of the original human way of life because every new discover is, in his opinion, a part of destructive process of loosing simplicity of past times. The difference between Aristotle's and Rousseau's perception of human nature consisted, in my opinion, also in the fact that Aristotle made his convictions on the basis of his observations of the world unlike Rousseau who created the idea of the original human nature in his mind first and then critisized the world for it's differences from his...
|
|
|
Dispute over character of human nature in confuciasm
BERNAS, Jan
The bachelor thesis deals with the dispute over the character of human nature in Confucianism. The main thinkers who deal with this topic are Confucius, Mengzi, Xunzi and Zhu Xi. This work focuses on individual philosophical directions in Chinese philosophy. The most important direction is Confucianism, as the main idea of this work is based on it. Furthermore, the work characterizes the mentioned philosophers and interprets their thoughts and statements concerning human nature. Therefore, it can be said that the work aims to interpret the statements of the selected thinkers.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Savagery in The Inheritors and the Lord of the Flies by William Golding
Juranková, Miriam ; Higgins, Bernadette (advisor) ; Chalupský, Petr (referee)
Savagery in The Inheritors and the Lord of the Flies by William Golding Bachelor thesis, Bc. Miriam Juranková, 2016 ABSTRACT William Golding dedicated his life's work to an exploration of man's nature. The primary themes of most of his novels are the conflict between civilization and savagery, good and evil and the question of the source of evil within man. This thesis focuses on his first two and most well-known novels: Lord of the Flies and The Inheritors. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the theme of savagery in these books. The aim of this thesis is to infer what Golding intends to convey concerning the nature of man and to analyse how he understands and views savagery. The theoretical foundation of this thesis is based on a comprehensive definition of the terms civilization, savagery and barbarism derived from their etymology and their meaning within various social sciences; and Golding's own ethical doctrine established in his works. Other sources include works focused on literary analysis of Golding's novels, interviews and articles written about Golding's life and work and naturally both the novels analysed. Key words: savagery, savage instinct, civilizing instinct, civilization, barbarism, morality, innate evil, man's nature, cruelty, William Golding, Lord of the Flies, The Inheritors
|
|
|
Relationship between human naturalness and community
Hexner, Adam ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Kosek, Jan (referee)
Relation of human nature and community A principal theme of this diploma thesis is the community thought of about as an entity managing the law and justice with the respect to human nature followed in the work of three selected authors: Aristotle, David Hume and Friedrich A. Hayek. According to each of them, community is not unnatural but develops through either a natural or spontaneous process. All three are also critics of social contract theories. This work is successively focused on each of the mentioned philosopher, somewhere resulting in comparison. The description of creation and development of society, concept of nature and human nature and government and law function is carefully interpreted. The explanation is subsequently adjusted to the author specific justification through which is the Aristotle's teleology, Hume's moral sense theory and Hayek's emphasis on irrationality and spontaneity being reflected. Despite the divergences, the introduction of these three distinctive approaches provides a relatively uniform and authentic perspective on the relationship between human nature and the community.
|
|
|
Human Nature by Benedict de Spinoza
Haiklová, Markéta ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Hill, James (referee)
This paper consists of more parts. Firstly, it includes a theoretical introduction on Spinoza's concept of substance, substantial attributes and modes of extension and thought. The theoretical introduction serves as a background for the following examination of human nature in Spinoza's Ethics. In the chapters concerning human nature, which are introduced by chapters on intellect, imagination, memory and three different kinds of knowledge, our idea of "double nature" is presented. This characteristic of nature is deductible from the concept of adequate and inadequate knowledge and it becomes a presupposition for our further interpretation, which deals with the problem of parallelism/dualism of modes of extension and thought. This topic is treated in part V of Ethics where also the question of destruction of human body and the eternal part of mind is discussed.
|
|
|
Capacity for Suicide and its Consequences for the Conception of Human Nature
Janoško, Daniel ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (referee)
Name: Daniel Janoško Title: Capacity for Suicide and its Consequences for the Conception of Human Nature Abstract The aim of the thesis is, first, to analyze the ability to deliberately end one's own life, which, assuming its human exclusivity within the animal kingdom as well as its universality within the human species, should provide a rich source for revealing some already known and some potentially entirely novel aspects of human nature and condition. The capacity for suicide is therefore analysed not from the dominating position of moral philosophy, but rather from the perspective of philosophical anthropology. Based on both the philosophical (Scheler, Heidegger, Landsberg, Jaspers, etc.) and empirical anthropological literature, we attempt to answer the question of human exclusivity of the capacity for suicide. The intention of this analysis is, then, to find the essential aspects of this exclusivity from which practical consequences can be drawn for further philosophical conceptualizations of human nature. The most crucial of these appears to be the awareness of one's finality. A detailed examination of such awareness then reveals other aspects of human nature and condition, such as the specifically human communal way of living, the human's effort to endure, both materially and spiritually, in the...
|
|
|
The Humanist Virtuoso : Beginnings, Idea and Illustration of Hume's experimental philosophical anthropology in Treatise of Human Nature
Kunca, Tomáš ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (advisor) ; Pinc, Zdeněk (referee) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
PhDr. Tomáš Kunca The Humanist Virtuoso: Beginnings, Idea and Illustration of Hume's experimental philosophical anthropology in Treatise of Human Nature UK FHS, Praha 2013 Thesis introduces a concept of "The Humanist Virtuoso" as distinctive feature reflecting Hume's effort to introduce an idea of experimental philosophical anthropology based on study of human nature and manifested in his A Treatise of Human Nature. Concept is justified by three steps, through analysis of the beginnings of Hume's philosophy, explication of his "science of man" idea in Treatise and illustration of this idea in action, as appears in analysis of passions (Book 2). The beginnings of Hume's way to experimental philosophical anthropology are explained thorough interpretation of historical facts connected with his early study at College of Edinburgh. First meetings with culture of science ( both British Christian tradition of experimental philosophy and Newtonian mathematical philosophy) are considered as particularly important. Detailed analysis of pre-Treatise letters (the Letter to Physician and to Michael Ramsey) is provided to make explicit the beginnings of his "science of man" idea, turn to study of human nature. Castration of Treatise is observed and discussed via analysis of his letter to Home (1737). The second...
|
|
|
Homosexuality and the Catholic Church Teaching
Mikita, Peter ; Vopřada, David (advisor) ; Mohelník, Tomáš (referee)
Homosexuality and Teaching of the Catholic Church is a critical analysis of homosexuality as an anthropological phenomenon examined from dogmatic and theological as well as ethical perspective laid down in the Catholic teaching and reviewed in the context of the Apostolic Exhortation on Love in the Family, Amoris laetitia. It confronts particular anthropological approaches towards theoretical and practical problems concerning homosexual orientation with the emphasis put on their compatibility with the Catholic moral doctrine. Searching for a conform personally accepted and positive integration of homosexuality perceived as irregular and difficult situation according to the Christian understanding of integral personal and spiritual growth in relation to a man practicing his Catholic faith is the main task of this diploma thesis.
|
guest ::
